| 16,343 | 541 | 118 |
| 下载次数 | 被引频次 | 阅读次数 |
根据国内外循证医学指南制订标准化方法与步骤,组建多学科指南制定专家工作组,先后经过指南注册及指南计划书撰写、相关指南评价分析、临床问题遴选和确定、临床证据检索及评价、形成推荐意见等流程,经共识专家组3轮讨论,最终制定中国老年骨质疏松诊疗指南(2018)。使用推荐意见分级评估、制定与评价(GRADE)系统对证据体和推荐意见进行分级。同时考虑中国患者的偏好与价值观、干预措施的成本和利弊平衡为老年骨质疏松的诊疗提供15条推荐意见。该指南涵盖了老年骨质疏松的筛查,风险评估,诊断,基础措施,多种抗骨质疏松药物,疗效监测和评估等方面。该指南旨在为中国广大临床医生和患者提供最佳决策工具。
Abstract：According to the procedures for the development of evidence-based medicine guidelines, a multi-disciplinary guideline development working group was established, after three rounds of discussions by the consensus expert group, a new evidence-based guideline for diagnosis and treatment of senile osteoporosis in China(2018) was developed. The grading of recommendations assessment, development and evaluation(GRADE) system was used to rate the quality of evidence and the strength of recommendations. Recommendations were derived from evidence body, and at the same time considered the balance of benefits and harms as well as values and preferences of Chinese patients. The guideline development working group developed 15 recommendations for the diagnosis and treatment of senile osteoporosis. The guideline covered the screening for senile osteoporosis, risk assessment, diagnosis, basic treatment, multiple anti-osteoporosis drugs, therapeutic effect monitoring and evaluation of senile osteoporosis. This guideline aims to serve as a tool for clinicians and patients for best decisions-making in China.
1 Bijlsma AY,Meskers CG,Westendorp RG,et al.Chronology of age-related disease definitions:osteoporosis and sarcopenia[J].Ageing Res Rev 2012;11(2):320-4.
2 Seriolo B,Paolino S,Casabella A,et al.Osteoporosis in the elderly[J].Aging Clin Exp Res,2013;25(Suppl 1):S27-9.
3 陈蕃.21 世纪老龄问题研究[M].北京:宇航出版社,1993.
4 中华人民共和国国家统计局.中国统计年鉴[M].北京:中国统计出版社,2015.
5 贺丽英,孙蕴,要文娟,等.2010-2016年中国老年人骨质疏松症患病率Meta分析[J].中国骨质疏松杂志,2016;22(12):1590-6.
6 Si L,Winzenberg TM,Jiang Q,et al.Projection of osteoporosis-related fractures and costs in China:2010-2050[J].Osteoporos Int,2015;26(7):1929-37.
7 Duque G,Troen BR.Understanding the mechanisms of senile osteoporosis:new facts for a major geriatric syndrome[J].J Am Geriatr Soc,2008;56(5):935-41.
8 丁超,孙强.老年性骨质疏松症相关问题研究进展[J].中国骨质疏松杂志,2016;22(3):372-5.
9 王洪复.老年性骨质疏松症病理机制与防治原则[J].中华保健医学杂志,2010;12(1):1-4.
10 王鸥,邢小平.老年性骨质疏松症发病机制及药物治疗进展[J].中国实用内科杂志,2011;31(8):584-6.
11 Starup-Linde J,Vestergaard P.Management of endocrine disease:Diabetes and osteoporosis:cause for concern[J]?Eur J Endocrinol,2015;173(3):R93-9.
12 Feng J,Liu S,Ma S,et al.Protective effects of resveratrol on postmenopausal osteoporosis:regulation of SIRT1-NF-κB signaling pathway[J].Acta Biochim Biophys Sin (Shanghai),2014;46(12):1024-33.
13 Orimo H,Nakamura T,Hosoi T,et al.Japanese 2011 guidelines for prevention and treatment of osteoporosis--executive summary[J].Arch Osteoporos,2012;7:3-20.
14 Schulman RC,Weiss AJ,Mechanick JI.Nutrition,bone,and aging:an integrative physiology approach[J].Curr Osteoporos Rep,2011;9(4):184-95.
15 Sugioka Y,Koike T.Absolute risk for fracture and WHO guideline.Fall and fracture in elderly people:risk factors and strategies for prevention[J].Clin Calcium,2007;17(7):1059-65.
16 Kim KI,Jung HK,Kim CO,et al.Evidence-based guidelines for fall prevention in Korea[J].Korean J Intern Med,2017;32(1):199-210.
17 Chakravarty M,S?rman A.Guidelines for prevention of falls in people aged over 65.Health improvement plans must incorporate falls and osteoporosis strategies[J].BMJ,2001;322(7285):554-5.
18 Chen Y,Wang C,Shang H,et al.Clinical practice guidelines in China[J].BMJ,2018;360:j5158.
19 Tarantino U,Iolascon G,Cianferotti L,et al.Clinical guidelines for the prevention and treatment of osteoporosis:summary statements and recommendations from the Italian Society for Orthopaedics and Traumatology[J].J Orthop Traumatol,2017;18(Suppl 1):3-36.
20 Lorenc R,G?uszko P,Franek E,et al.Guidelines for the diagnosis and management of osteoporosis in Poland:update 2017[J].Endokrynol Pol,2017;68(5):604-9.
21 Compston J,Cooper A,Cooper C,et al.UK clinical guideline for the prevention and treatment of osteoporosis[J].Arch Osteoporos,2017;12(1):43.
22 Scottish Inter-collegiate Guidelines Network.2015 Management of osteoporosis and the prevention of fragility fractures:a national clinical guideline[EB/OL].(2015-03)[2018-10-20].https://www.sign.ac.uk/sign-142-management-of-osteoporosis-and-the-prevention-of-fragility-fractures.html.
23 Ryan WG.Prevention and treatment of osteoporosis[J].Compr Ther,1987;13(5):51-61.
24 Curry SJ,Krist AH,Owens DK,et al.Screening for osteoporosis to prevent fractures:US preventive services task force recommendation statement[J].JAMA,2018;319(24):2521-31.
25 Nayak S,Roberts MS,Greenspan SL.Cost-effectiveness of different screening strategies for osteoporosis in postmenopausal women[J].Ann Intern Med,2011;155(11):751-61.
26 Agten CA,Ramme AJ,Kang S,et al.Cost-effectiveness of virtual bone strength testing in osteoporosis screening programs for postmenopausal women in the United States[J].Radiology,2017;285(2):506-17.
27 Ito K,Hollenberg JP,Charlson ME.Using the osteoporosis self-assessment tool for referring older men for bone densitometry:a decision analysis[J].J Am Geriatr Soc,2009;57(2):218-24.
28 International Osteoporosis Foundation.IOF one-minute osteoporosis risk test[EB/OL].[2018-10-20].http://www.iofbonehealth.org/iof-one-minute-osteoporosis-risk-test.
29 Nayak S,Edwards DL,Saleh AA,et al.Systematic review and meta-analysis of the performance of clinical risk assessment instruments for screening for osteoporosis or low bone density[J].Osteoporos Int,2015;26(5):1543-54.
30 H?iberg MP,Rubin KH,Hermann AP,et al.Diagnostic devices for osteoporosis in the general population:a systematic review[J].Bone,2016;92:58-69.
31 Kanis JA,Harvey NC,Cooper C,et al.A systematic review of intervention thresholds based on FRAX:a report prepared for the National Osteoporosis Guideline Group and the International Osteoporosis Foundation[J].Arch Osteoporos,2016;11(1):25.
32 Centre for Metabolic Bone Diseases,University of Sheffield.Fracture risk assessment tool[EB/OL].[2018-10-20].https://www.sheffield.ac.uk/FRAX/tool.aspx?country=2.
33 Cosman F,de Beur SJ,LeBoff MS,et al.Clinician's guide to prevention and treatment of osteoporosis[J].Osteoporos Int,2014;25(10):2359-81.
34 Genant HK,Wu CY,van Kuijk C,et al.Vertebral fracture assessment using a semiquantitative technique[J].J Bone Miner Res,1993;8(9):1137-48.
35 Myers AH,Young Y,Langlois JA.Prevention of falls in the elderly[J].Bone,1996;18(1):87S-101S.
36 Li F,Eckstrom E,Harmer P,et al.Exercise and fall prevention:narrowing the research-to-practice gap and enhancing integration of clinical and community practice[J].J Am Geriatr Soc,2016;64(2):425-31.
37 Al-Saleh Y,Sulimani R,Sabico S,et al.2015 Guidelines for osteoporosis in Saudi Arabia:recommendations from the Saudi osteoporosis society[J].Ann Saudi Med,2015;35(1):1-12.
38 Makras P,Vaiopoulos G,Lyritis GP.2011 guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of osteoporosis in Greece[J].J Musculoskelet Neuronal Interact,2012;12(1):38-42.
39 Malaysian Osteoporosis Society.Clinical guidance on management of osteoporosis 2012.http://www.osteoporosis.my/GUI/pdf/OP_CPG_booklet_rev2015_final.pdf
40 Papaioannou A,Morin S,Cheung AM,et al.2010 clinical practice guidelines for the diagnosis and management of osteoporosis in Canada:summary[J].CMAJ,2010;182(17):1864-73.
41 中华医学会骨质疏松和骨矿盐疾病分会.原发性骨质疏松症诊疗指南(2017)[J].中华骨质疏松和骨矿盐疾病杂志,2017;10(5):413-43.
42 Li N,Li XM,Xu L,et al.Comparison of QCT and DXA:osteoporosis detection rates in postmenopausal women[J].Int J Endocrinol,2013;2013:895474.
43 Engelke K,Fuerst T,Dasic G,et al.Regional distribution of spine and hip QCT BMD responses after one year of once-monthly ibandronate in postmenopausal osteoporosis[J].Bone,2010;46(6):1626-32.
44 Xu L,Li N,Cheng X.Update on the clinical application of quantitative computed tomography (QCT) in Osteoporosis[J].Curr Radiol Reports,2014;2(10):65.
45 Link TM,Lang TF.Axial QCT:clinical applications and new developments[J].J Clin Densitom,2014;17(4):438-48.
46 Engelke K.Quantitative computed tomography-current status and new developments[J].J Clin Densitom,2017;20(3):309-21.
47 Engelke K,Lang T,Khosla S,et al.Clinical use of quantitative computed tomography-based advanced techniques in the management of osteoporosis in adults:the 2015 ISCD official positions-part Ⅲ[J].J Clin Densitom,2015;18(3):393-407.
48 Zysset P,Qin L,Lang T,et al.Clinical use of quantitative computed tomography-based finite element analysis of the hip and spine in the management of osteoporosis in adults:the 2015 ISCD official positions-part Ⅱ[J].J Clin Densitom,2015;18(3):359-92.
49 Engelke K,Lang T,Khosla S,et al.Clinical use of quantitative computed tomography (QCT) of the hip in the management of osteoporosis in adults:the 2015 ISCD official positions-part Ⅰ[J].J Clin Densitom,2015;18(3):338-58.
50 Shepherd JA,Schousboe JT,Broy SB,et al.Executive summary of the 2015 ISCD position development conference on advanced measures from DXA and QCT:fracture prediction beyond BMD[J].J Clin Densitom,2015;18(3):274-86.
51 Camacho PM,Petak SM,Binkley N,et al.American association of clinical endocrinologists and american college of endocrinology clinical practice guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of postmenopausal osteoporosis-2016[J].Endocr Pract,2016;22(Suppl 4):1-42.
52 Malgo F,Nat H,Chjm T,et al.Value and potential limitations of vertebral fracture assessment (VFA) compared to conventional spine radiography:experience from a fracture liaison service (FLS) and a meta-analysis[J].Osteoporos Int,2017;28(10):2955-65.
53 Lee JH,Lee YK,Oh SH,et al.A systematic review of diagnostic accuracy of vertebral fracture assessment (VFA) in postmenopausal women and elderly men[J].Osteoporos Int,2016;27(5):1691-9.
54 Tai V,Leung W,Grey A,et al.Calcium intake and bone mineral density:systematic review and meta-analysis[J].BMJ,2015;351:h4183.
55 Chung M,Tang AM,Fu Z,et al.Calcium intake and cardiovascular disease risk:an updated systematic review and meta-analysis[J].Ann Intern Med,2016;165(12):856-66.
56 Zhao JG,Zeng XT,Wang J,et al.Association between calcium or vitamin d supplementation and fracture incidence in community-dwelling older adults:a systematic review and meta-analysis[J].JAMA,2017;318(24):2466-82.
57 Reid IR,Bolland MJ,Grey A.Effects of vitamin D supplements on bone mineral density:a systematic review and meta-analysis[J].Lancet,2014;383(9912):146-55.
58 Weaver CM,Alexander DD,Boushey CJ,et al.Calcium plus vitamin D supplementation and risk of fractures:an updated meta-analysis from the National Osteoporosis Foundation[J].Osteoporos Int,2016;27(1):367-76.
59 Ip TP,Cheung SK,Cheung TC,et al.The Osteoporosis Society of Hong Kong (OSHK):2013 OSHK guideline for clinical management of postmenopausal osteoporosis in Hong Kong[J].Hong Kong Med J,2013;19(Suppl 2):1-40.
60 Hanley DA,Cranney A,Jones G,et al.Vitamin D in adult health and disease:a review and guideline statement from Osteoporosis Canada[J].CMAJ,2010;182(12):E610-8.
61 Avenell A,Gillespie WJ,Gillespie LD,et al.Vitamin D and vitamin D analogues for preventing fractures associated with involutional and post-menopausal osteoporosis[J].Cochrane Database Syst Rev,2009;(2):CD000227.
62 Lips P.Vitamin D deficiency and osteoporosis:the role of vitamin D deficiency and treatment with vitamin D and analogues in the prevention of osteoporosis-related fractures[J].Eur J Clin Invest,1996;26(6):436-42.
63 Kanis JA,McCloskey EV,Beneton MN.Vitamin D and analogues in renal bone disease and implications for osteoporosis[J].Osteoporos Int,1997;7(Suppl 3):S179-83.
64 Gallagher JC.Prevention of bone loss in postmenopausal and senile osteoporosis with vitamin D analogues[J].Osteoporos Int,1993;3(Suppl 1):172-5.
65 Kasukawa Y,Miyakoshi N,Shimada Y.Effects of vitamin D on bone and skeletal muscle.In:Shimada Y,Miyakoshi N.Osteoporosis in orthopedics[M].Japan:Springer,2016:179-200.
66 夏维波,章振林,林华,等.维生素D及其类似物临床应用共识[J].中华骨质疏松和骨矿盐疾病杂志,2018;11(1):1-19.
67 Xu Z,Fan C,Zhao X,et al.Treatment of osteoporosis with eldecalcitol,a new vitamin D analog:a comprehensive review and meta-analysis of randomized clinical trials[J].Drug Des Devel Ther,2016;10:509-17.
68 Nakamura Y,Suzuki T,Kamimura M,et al.Alfacalcidol increases the therapeutic efficacy of ibandronate on bone mineral density in Japanese women with primary osteoporosis[J].Tohoku J Exp Med,2017;241(4):319-26.
69 Kinoshita M,Ishijima M,Kaneko H,et al.The increase in bone mineral density by bisphosphonate with active vitamin D analog is associated with the serum calcium level within the reference interval in postmenopausal osteoporosis[J].Mod Rheumatol,2018;2018:1-8.
70 Avenell A,Mak JC,O'Connell D.Vitamin D and vitamin D analogues for preventing fractures in post-menopausal women and older men[J].Cochrane Database Syst Rev,2014;(4):CD000227.
71 Richy F,Dukas L,Schacht E.Differential effects of D-hormone analogs and native vitamin D on the risk of falls:a comparative meta-analysis[J].Calcif Tissue Int,2008;82(2):102-7.
72 Richy F,Schacht E,Bruyere O,et al.Vitamin D analogs versus native vitamin D in preventing bone loss and osteoporosis-related fractures:a comparative meta-analysis[J].Calcif Tissue Int,2005;76(3):176-86.
73 Marcinowska-Suchowierska E,Walicka M,Ta?a?aj M,et al.Vitamin D supplementation in adults--guidelines[J].Endokrynol Pol,2010;61(Suppl 1):39-45.
74 Solomon CG.Bisphosphonates and osteoporosis[J].N Engl J Med,2002;346(9):642.
75 Kavanagh KL,Guo K,Dunford JE,et al.The molecular mechanism of nitrogen-containing bisphosphonates as antiosteoporosis drugs[J].Proc Natl Acad Sci USA,2006;103(20):7829-34.
76 Wang G,Sui L,Gai P,et al.The efficacy and safety of vertebral fracture prevention therapies in post-menopausal osteoporosis treatment:which therapies work best?A network meta-analysis[J].Bone Joint Res,2017;6(7):452-63.
77 Yang XC,Deng ZH,Wen T,et al.Network meta-analysis of pharmacological agents for osteoporosis treatment and fracture prevention[J].Cell Physiol Biochem,2016;40(3-4):781-95.
78 Chen LX,Zhou ZR,Li YL,et al.Comparison of bone mineral density in lumbar spine and fracture rate among eight drugs in treatments of osteoporosis in men:a network meta-analysis[J].PLoS One,2015;10(5):e0128032.
79 Byun JH,Jang S,Lee S,et al.The efficacy of bisphosphonates for prevention of osteoporotic fracture:an update meta-analysis[J].J Bone Metab,2017;24(1):37-49.
80 Mar L,Caf Z,Danowski JS,et al.Guidelines of the Brazilian Society of Rheumatology for the diagnosis and treatment of osteoporosis in men[J].Rev Bras Reumatol Engl Ed,2017;57(Suppl 2):497-514.
81 Xu Z.Alendronate for the treatment of osteoporosis in men:a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials[J].Am J Ther,2017;24(2):e130-8.
82 Mak JC,Cameron ID,March LM.Evidence-based guidelines for the management of hip fractures in older persons:an update[J].Med J Aust,2010;192(1):37-41.
83 Compston J,Bowring C,Cooper A,et al.Diagnosis and management of osteoporosis in postmenopausal women and older men in the UK:National Osteoporosis Guideline Group (NOGG) update 2013[J].Maturitas,2013;75(4):392-6.
84 Wang C.Efficacy and safety of zoledronic acid for treatment of postmenopausal osteoporosis:a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials[J].Am J Ther,2017;24(5):e544-52.
85 Radominski SC,Bernardo W,Paula AP,et al.Brazilian guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of postmenopausal osteoporosis[J].Rev Bras Reumatol(Engl Ed),2017;57(Suppl 2):452-66.
86 Zhou J,Wang T,Zhao X,et al.Comparative efficacy of bisphosphonates to prevent fracture in men with osteoporosis:a systematic review with network meta-analyses[J].Rheumatol Ther,2016;3(1):117-28.
87 Aljohani S,Fliefel R,Ihbe J,et al.What is the effect of anti-resorptive drugs (ARDs) on the development of medication-related osteonecrosis of the jaw (MRONJ) in osteoporosis patients:a systematic review[J].J Craniomaxillofac Surg,2017;45(9):1493-502.
88 Kranenburg G,Bartstra JW,Weijmans M,et al.Bisphosphonates for cardiovascular risk reduction:a systematic review and meta-analysis[J].Atherosclerosis,2016;252:106-15.
89 Kim DH,Rogers JR,Fulchino LA,et al.Bisphosphonates and risk of cardiovascular events:a meta-analysis[J].PLoS One,2015;10(4):e0122646.
90 Zhou M,Zheng Y,Li J,et al.Upper gastrointestinal safety and tolerability of oral alendronate:a meta-analysis[J].Exp Ther Med,2016;11(1):289-96.
91 Albert SG,Reddy S.Clinical evaluation of cost efficacy of drugs for treatment of osteoporosis:a meta-analysis[J].Endocr Pract,2017;23(7):841-56.
92 Lee S,Yin RV,Hirpara H,et al.Increased risk for atypical fractures associated with bisphosphonate use[J].Fam Pract,2015;32(3):276-81.
93 Yeap SS,Hew FL,Lee JK,et al.The Malaysian Clinical Guidance on the management of postmenopausal osteoporosis,2012:a summary[J].Int J Rheum Dis,2013;16(1):30-40.
94 Li YT,Cai HF,Zhang ZL.Timing of the initiation of bisphosphonates after surgery for fracture healing:a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials[J].Osteoporos Int,2015;26(2):431-41.
95 Molvik H,Khan W.Bisphosphonates and their influence on fracture healing:a systematic review[J].Osteoporos Int,2015;26(4):1251-60.
96 Xue D,Li F,Chen G,et al.Do bisphosphonates affect bone healing?A meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials[J].J Orthop Surg Res,2014;9:45.
97 Um MJ,Cho EA,Jung H.Combination therapy of raloxifene and alendronate for treatment of osteoporosis in elderly women[J].J Menopausal Med,2017;23(1):56-62.
98 Lufkin EG,Whitaker MD,Nickelsen T,et al.Treatment of established postmenopausal osteoporosis with raloxifene:a randomized trial[J].J Bone Miner Res,1998;13(11):1747-54.
99 Liu GF,Wang ZQ,Liu L,et al.A network meta-analysis on the short-term efficacy and adverse events of different anti-osteoporosis drugs for the treatment of postmenopausal osteoporosis[J].J Cell Biochem,2018;119(6):4469-81.
100 Wilson LM,Rebholz CM,Jirru E,et al.Benefits and harms of osteoporosis medications in patients with chronic kidney disease:a systematic review and meta-analysis[J].Ann Intern Med,2017;166(9):649-58.
101 Lin T,Yan SG,Cai XZ,et al.Alendronate versus raloxifene for postmenopausal women:a meta-analysis of seven head-to-head randomized controlled trials[J].Int J Endocrinol,2014;2014:796510.
102 Adomaityte J,Farooq M,Qayyum R.Effect of raloxifene therapy on venous thromboembolism in postmenopausal women.A meta-analysis[J].Thromb Haemost,2008;99(2):338-42.
103 Ageno W,Agnelli G,Imberti D,et al.Prevalence of risk factors for venous thromboembolism in the Italian population:results of a cross-sectional study from the Master Registry[J].Intern Emerg Med,2013;8(7):575-80.
104 Anderson FA Jr,Spencer FA.Risk factors for venous thromboembolism[J].Circulation,2003;107(23 Suppl 1):I9-16.
105 秦霞,田利,李惠玲,等.内科住院病人发生静脉血栓栓塞症危险因素的Meta分析[J].现代预防医学,2018;45(4):753-6.
106 Hodsman AB,Bauer DC,Dempster DW,et al.Parathyroid hormone and teriparatide for the treatment of osteoporosis:a review of the evidence and suggested guidelines for its use[J].Endocr Rev,2005;26(5):688-703.
107 Blick SK,Dhillon S,Keam SJ.Teriparatide:a review of its use in osteoporosis[J].Drugs,2008;68(18):2709-37.
108 Obermayer-Pietsch BM,Marin F,McCloskey EV,et al.Effects of two years of daily teriparatide treatment on BMD in postmenopausal women with severe osteoporosis with and without prior antiresorptive treatment[J].J Bone Miner Res,2008;23(10):1591-600.
109 Boonen S,Marin F,Obermayer-Pietsch B,et al.Effects of previous antiresorptive therapy on the bone mineral density response to two years of teriparatide treatment in postmenopausal women with osteoporosis[J].J Clin Endocrinol Metab,2008;93(3):852-60.
110 Hofstetter B,Gamsjaeger S,Varga F,et al.Bone quality of the newest bone formed after two years of teriparatide therapy in patients who were previously treatment-na?ve or on long-term alendronate therapy[J].Osteoporos Int,2014;25(12):2709-19.
111 Wang YK,Qin SQ,Ma T,et al.Effects of teriparatide versus alendronate for treatment of postmenopausal osteoporosis:a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials[J].Medicine (Baltimore),2017;96(21):e6970.
112 Lou S,Lv H,Wang G,et al.The effect of sequential therapy for postmenopausal women with osteoporosis:a PRISMA-compliant meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials[J].Medicine (Baltimore),2016;95(49):e5496.
113 Lou S,Lv H,Li Z,et al.Combination therapy of anabolic agents and bisphosphonates on bone mineral density in patients with osteoporosis:a meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials[J].BMJ Open,2018;8(3):e015187.
114 Orimo H,Shiraki M,Tomita A,et al.Effects of menatetrenone on the bone and calcium metabolism in osteoporosis:a double-blind placebo-controlled study[J].J Bone Miner Metab,1998;16(2):106-12.
115 Iwamoto J,Sato Y.Menatetrenone for the treatment of osteoporosis[J].Expert Opin Pharmacother,2013;14(4):449-58.
116 Huang ZB,Wan SL,Lu YJ,et al.Does vitamin K2 play a role in the prevention and treatment of osteoporosis for postmenopausal women:a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials[J].Osteoporos Int,2015;26(3):1175-86.
117 Tanaka S,Miyazaki T,Uemura Y,et al.Comparison of concurrent treatment with vitamin K2 and risedronate compared with treatment with risedronate alone in patients with osteoporosis:Japanese Osteoporosis Intervention Trial-03[J].J Bone Miner Metab,2017;35(4):385-95.
118 Kasukawa Y,Miyakoshi N,Ebina T,et al.Effects of risedronate alone or combined with vitamin K2 on serum undercarboxylated osteocalcin and osteocalcin levels in postmenopausal osteoporosis[J].J Bone Miner Metab,2014;32(3):290-7.
119 Ebina K,Noguchi T,Hirao M,et al.Comparison of the effects of 12 months of monthly minodronate monotherapy and monthly minodronate combination therapy with vitamin K2 or eldecalcitol in patients with primary osteoporosis[J].J Bone Miner Metab,2016;34(3):243-50.
120 杨帆,徐妙容,杨妙馥,等.中药治疗骨质疏松症的用药规律(英文)[J].中国临床康复,2005;9(31):203-5.
121 曹国义,张旭明.中西医结合治疗骨质疏松症临床观察[J].内蒙古中医药,2010;29(2):18-9.
122 董艳,陆英,华丽霞.鲑降钙素联合仙灵骨葆治疗绝经后妇女骨质疏松症所致骨痛疗效观察[J].中国药房,2010;21(2):154-6.
123 简勤勤,徐燕.中西医结合治疗绝经后妇女骨质疏松的疗效观察[J].四川中医,2010;28(9):82-3.
124 王加谋,刘彤鸥.中药骨康对绝经后骨质疏松症骨质量改善的临床观察[J].中国中医骨伤科杂志,2008;16(11):8-9.
125 Zhu HM,Qin L,Garnero P,et al.The first multicenter and randomized clinical trial of herbal Fufang for treatment of postmenopausal osteoporosis[J].Osteoporos Int,2012;23(4):1317-27.
126 张新根.壮骨饮治疗原发性骨质疏松症100例疗效观察[J].中医药学报,2011;39(1):109-11.
127 王锡娟,梁日欣,赵璐,等.中药复方骨疏康防治骨质疏松症研究进展[J].中国中西医结合杂志,2007;27(3):282-5.
128 Liu Y,Liu JP,Xia Y.Chinese herbal medicines for treating osteoporosis[J].Cochrane Database Syst Rev,2014;(3):CD005467.
129 Wang ZQ,Li JL,Sun YL,et al.Chinese herbal medicine for osteoporosis:a systematic review of randomized controlled trails[J].Evid Based Complement Alternat Med,2013;2013:356260.
130 郭杨,马勇,潘娅岚,等.中药内服治疗原发性骨质疏松的系统评价[J].中国老年学杂志,2017;37(4):941-5.
131 王桂倩,廖星,章轶立,等.仙灵骨葆胶囊治疗原发性骨质疏松症随机对照试验的系统评价及Meta分析[J].中国中药杂志,2017;42(15):2829-44.
132 章轶立,廖星,刘福梅,等.仙灵骨葆胶囊上市后用药安全性系统评价[J].中国中药杂志,2017;42(15):2845-56..
133 杜倩,王哲,运乃茹,等.仙灵骨葆胶囊安全性系统评价[J].中国药业,2017;26(19):37-43.
134 孙丽,唐汉武.仙灵骨葆胶囊辅助治疗骨质疏松性疼痛疗效与安全性的meta分析[J].中国药物警戒,2016;13(7):422-5.
135 黄莉,李悦,邱建利,等.骨疏康治疗原发性骨质疏松症随机对照临床研究Meta分析[J].辽宁中医药大学学报,2016;18(4):85-8.
136 蔡攀,陆燕,娄玉健,等.金天格胶囊对老年高血压患者骨密度、骨代谢及骨硬化蛋白水平的影响[J].中国骨质疏松杂志,2017;23(12):1621-4.
137 高爱荣,王雅萍,路丽,等.金天格胶囊治疗骨质疏松症疗效观察[J].中国骨质疏松杂志,2016;22(1):99-101,106.
138 何保玉,滕涛,刘宝戈,等.金天格胶囊治疗原发性骨质疏松症的临床疗效观察[J].中国骨质疏松杂志,2015;(2):168-74.
139 Wei X,Xu A,Shen H,et al.Qianggu capsule for the treatment of primary osteoporosis:evidence from a Chinese patent medicine[J].BMC Complement Altern Med,2017;17(1):108.
140 廖星,宇文亚,董福慧,等.原发性骨质疏松症中医临床实践指南(摘录)[J].中华中医药杂志,2012;27(7):1886-90.
141 Xie YM,Yuwen Y,Dong FH,et al.Clinical practice guideline of traditional medicine for primary osteoporosis[J].Chin J Integr Med,2011;17(1):52-63.
142 中华医学会骨科学分会骨质疏松学组.骨质疏松性骨折诊疗指南[J].中华骨科杂志,2017;37(1):1-10.
143 Forciea MA,McLean RM,Qaseem A.Treatment of low bone density or osteoporosis to prevent fractures in men and women[J].Ann Intern Med,2017;167(12):904.
144 邱贵兴,裴福兴,胡侦明,等.中国骨质疏松性骨折诊疗指南(骨质疏松性骨折诊断及治疗原则)[J].中华骨与关节外科杂志,2015;8(5):371-4.
145 印平,马远征,马迅,等.骨质疏松性椎体压缩性骨折的治疗指南[J].中国骨质疏松杂志,2015;21(6):643-8.
146 Khan A,Fortier M,Menopause and osteoporosis working group.Osteoporosis in menopause[J].J Obstet Gynaecol Can,2014;36(9):839-40.
147 Kanis JA,McCloskey EV,Johansson H,et al.European guidance for the diagnosis and management of osteoporosis in postmenopausal women[J].Osteoporos Int,2013;24(1):23-57.
148 G?uszko P,Lorenc RS,Karczmarewicz E,et al.Polish guidelines for the diagnosis and management of osteoporosis:a review of 2013 update[J].Pol Arch Med Wewn,2014;124(5):255-63.
149 Cianferotti L,Brandi ML.Guidance for the diagnosis,prevention and therapy of osteoporosis in Italy[J].Clin Cases Miner Bone Metab,2012;9(3):170-8.
150 Wang J,Yao M,Xu JH,et al.Bisphosphonates for prevention of osteopenia in kidney-transplant recipients:a systematic review of randomized controlled trials[J].Osteoporos Int,2016;27(5):1683-90.
151 Goldenstein PT,Jamal SA,Moysés RM.Fractures in chronic kidney disease:pursuing the best screening and management[J].Curr Opin Nephrol Hypertens,2015;24(4):317-23.
152 Palmer SC,Strippoli GF,McGregor DO.Interventions for preventing bone disease in kidney transplant recipients:a systematic review of randomized controlled trials[J].Am J Kidney Dis,2005;45(4):638-49.
153 Sadowski CA,Spencer T,Yuksel N.Use of oral bisphosphonates by older adults with fractures and impaired renal function[J].Can J Hosp Pharm,2011;64(1):36-41.
154 Miller PD,Roux C,Boonen S,et al.Safety and efficacy of risedronate in patients with age-related reduced renal function as estimated by the Cockcroft and Gault method:a pooled analysis of nine clinical trials[J].J Bone Miner Res,2005;20(12):2105-115.
155 Cummings SR,Karpf DB,Harris F,et al.Improvement in spine bone density and reduction in risk of vertebral fractures during treatment with antiresorptive drugs[J].Am J Med,2002;112(4):281-9.
156 Sarkar S,Mitlak BH,Wong M,et al.Relationships between bone mineral density and incident vertebral fracture risk with raloxifene therapy[J].J Bone Miner Res,2002;17(1):1-10.
157 Austin M,Yang YC,Vittinghoff E,et al.Relationship between bone mineral density changes with denosumab treatment and risk reduction for vertebral and nonvertebral fractures[J].J Bone Miner Res,2012;27(3):687-93.
158 Chen P,Miller PD,Delmas PD,et al.Change in lumbar spine BMD and vertebral fracture risk reduction in teriparatide-treated postmenopausal women with osteoporosis[J].J Bone Miner Res,2006;21(11):1785-90.
159 Burch J,Rice S,Yang H,et al.Systematic review of the use of bone turnover markers for monitoring the response to osteoporosis treatment:the secondary prevention of fractures,and primary prevention of fractures in high-risk groups[J].Health Technol Assess,2014;18(11):1-180.
160 Funck-Brentano T,Biver E,Chopin F,et al.Clinical utility of serum bone turnover markers in postmenopausal osteoporosis therapy monitoring:a systematic review[J].Semin Arthritis Rheum,2011;41(2):157-69.
161 Varahra A,Rodrigues IB,MacDermid JC,et al.Exercise to improve functional outcomes in persons with osteoporosis:a systematic review and meta-analysis[J].Osteoporos Int,2018;29(2):265-86.
162 Simas V,Hing W,Pope R,et al.Effects of water-based exercise on bone health of middle-aged and older adults:a systematic review and meta-analysis[J].Open Access J Sports Med,2017;8:39-60.
163 Sun Z,Chen H,Berger MR,et al.Effects of tai chi exercise on bone health in perimenopausal and postmenopausal women:a systematic review and meta-analysis[J].Osteoporos Int,2016;27(10):2901-11.
164 Oliveira LC,Oliveira RG,Pires-Oliveira DA.Effects of whole body vibration on bone mineral density in postmenopausal women:a systematic review and meta-analysis[J].Osteoporos Int,2016;27(10):2913-33.
165 World Health Organization.WHO handbook for guideline development[M].2nd ed.Vienna:World Health Organization,2014.
166 蒋朱明,詹思延,贾晓巍,等.制订/修订《临床诊疗指南》的基本方法及程序[J].中华医学杂志,2016;96(4):250-3.
167 Brouwers MC,Kho ME,Browman GP,et al.AGREE Ⅱ:advancing guideline development,reporting,and evaluation in health care[J].Prev Med,2010;51(5):421-4.
168 陈耀龙,王小琴,王琪,等.遵循指南报告规范提升指南报告质量[J].中华内科杂志,2018;57(3):168-70.
169 Chen YL,Yang KH,Maru?ic A,et al.A reporting tool for practice guidelines in health care:the right statement[J].Ann Intern Med,2017;166(2):128-32.
170 Shea BJ,Grimshaw JM,Wells GA,et al.Development of AMSTAR:a measurement tool to assess the methodological quality of systematic reviews[J].BMC Med Res Methodol,2007;7:10.
171 Higgins JP,Altman DG,G?tzsche PC,et al.The Cochrane Collaboration's tool for assessing risk of bias in randomised trials[J].BMJ,2011;343:d5928.
172 Whiting PF,Rutjes AW,Westwood ME,et al.QUADAS-2:a revised tool for the quality assessment of diagnostic accuracy studies[J].Ann Intern Med,2011;155(8):529-36.
173 Cota GF,de Sousa MR,Fereguetti TO,et al.Efficacy of anti-leishmania therapy in visceral leishmaniasis among HIV infected patients:a systematic review with indirect comparison[J].PLoS Negl Trop Dis,2013;7(5):e2195.
174 Guyatt G,Oxman AD,Akl EA,et al.GRADE guidelines:1.Introduction-GRADE evidence profiles and summary of findings tables[J].J Clin Epidemiol,2011;64(4):383-94.
175 陈耀龙,姚亮,Norris S,等.GRADE在系统评价中应用的必要性及注意事项[J].中国循证医学杂志,2013;13(12):1401-4.
176 姚亮,陈耀龙,杜亮,等.GRADE在诊断准确性试验系统评价中应用的实例解析[J].中国循证医学杂志,2014;14(11):1407-12.
177 陈耀龙,姚亮,杜亮,等.GRADE在诊断准确性试验系统评价中应用的原理、方法、挑战及发展趋势[J].中国循证医学杂志,2014;14(11):1402-6.
178 Vernooij RW,Alonso-Coello P,Brouwers M,et al.Reporting items for updated clinical guidelines:checklist for the reporting of updated guidelines (CheckUp)[J].PLoS Med,2017;14(1):e1002207.
基本信息:
DOI：
中图分类号:R580
引用信息:
[1]马远征,王以朋,刘强等.中国老年骨质疏松诊疗指南(2018)[J].中国老年学杂志,2019,39(11):2557-2575.
基金信息: